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With the rapid development of China's economic construction and the continuous expansion of industrial production scale, explosion protection has become increasingly important. In industries such as petroleum, chemical engineering, and coal mining, a wide variety of explosion-proof electrical products with diverse functions are widely adopted. To ensure the stable and safe operation of explosion-proof electrical appliances in various hazardous explosive environments, strict explosion-proof tests must be carried out before they leave the factory. Shenzhen Zhongnuo Testing Technology Co., Ltd. (STS) has extensive experience in product design and testing in the field of explosion protection. The following is an interpretation of the latest EU ATEX Explosion-Proof Certification Directive 2014/34/EU and related issues.

ATEX Explosion-Proof Directive 2014/34/EU

(Former Directive 94/9/EC)

ATEX is derived from the French term ATmosphères EXplosibles (Explosive Atmospheres). On March 23, 1994, the European Commission adopted the Directive on Equipment and Protective Systems Intended for Use in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EC). The directive has been in use since 1996 and became mandatory on July 1, 2003.

Unlike previous directives, this directive covers both mining and non-mining equipment, including mechanical and electrical equipment. It extends the scope of potentially explosive hazardous environments to include dust, flammable gases, flammable vapors, and mists in the air. This directive is commonly known as the ATEX 100A New Approach Directive, i.e., the current ATEX Explosion-Proof Directive.

Manufacturers of equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres can sell their explosion-proof equipment anywhere in Europe without complying with additional requirements, provided that they apply the provisions of the ATEX Directive and affix the CE marking to their products.

Three prerequisites must be met for the application of this directive:

The equipment must inherently contain an ignition source;

It is intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (air mixtures);

It is used under normal atmospheric conditions.

This directive also applies to components essential for safe use, as well as safety devices that directly contribute to the safe operation of equipment within its scope. These devices may be installed outside potentially explosive atmospheres.

ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU classifies equipment into three categories based on the level of protection provided by the installed equipment:

Category 1 — Very high level of protection

Category 2 — High level of protection

Category 3 — Normal level of protection

If the equipment is used in Zone 0, 1, or 2, the category number is followed by the letter G (for gas, vapor/mist):

Hazardous Zone Equipment Category

Zone 0 Category 1G

Zone 1 Category 2G

Zone 2 Category 3G

If the equipment is used in Zone 20, 21, or 22, the category number is followed by the letter D (for dust):

Hazardous Zone Equipment Category

Zone 20 Category 1D

Zone 21 Category 2D

Zone 22 Category 3D

Zone 0: A place where an explosive gas atmosphere is continuously present or exists for long periods, with the duration of the hazardous environment exceeding 1,000 hours per year.

Zone 1: A place where an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur during normal operation, with the duration of the hazardous environment ranging from 10 to 1,000 hours per year.

Zone 2: A place where an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur during normal operation, and if it does occur, it is only occasional and short-lived, with the duration of the hazardous environment being less than 10 hours per year.

ATEX Directive 1999/92/EC

ATEX Directive 1999/92/EC, also known as ATEX 137, runs parallel to ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU. It sets out the minimum requirements for improving the protection of workers' health and safety in potentially explosive hazardous environments, imposing a series of responsibilities on employers based on the assessment of the hazards involved:

Prevent the formation of explosive atmospheres in the workplace or avoid igniting explosive atmospheres;

Conduct hazard assessments of explosive atmospheres and the likelihood of ignition sources;

Classify workplaces according to the frequency and duration of the occurrence of explosive atmospheres;

Mark the entrance to classified zones with the Ex symbol;

Establish and maintain an explosion protection document;

Select equipment that complies with the requirements of ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU based on the hazardous zones where it is intended to be used.

ATEX Directive 1999/92/EC stipulates:

Only Category 1 equipment can be used in Zone 0;

Only Category 1 and Category 2 equipment can be used in Zone 1;

Category 1, 2, and 3 equipment can be used in Zone 2.

This directive specifies the responsibilities of employers rather than manufacturers.

Explanation of the Updated Explosion-Proof Directive 2014/34/EU

The updated Explosion-Proof Directive 2014/34/EU was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on March 29, 2014, and entered into force on April 18, 2014. It was officially implemented on April 20, 2016, replacing the former Directive 94/9/EC. With the update of the directive, the European Commission enforces the explosion-proof directive regulations in accordance with the New Legislative Framework (NLF).

While retaining the product scope, product classification, essential safety requirements, and conformity assessment procedures, the updated directive introduces the New Legislative Framework (NLF), which specifies the obligations of distributors in greater detail. Meanwhile, under the new NLF framework, the requirements for Notified Bodies during the certification process are more refined, clarifying the responsibilities of these bodies in the certification process.